项目测试

目录

• 概述
• 单元测试
• 集成测试
• 端到端测试
• 测试自动化
• 测试最佳实践

概述

项目测试是确保软件质量的关键环节，包括单元测试、集成测试、端到端测试等多个层面。通过系统性的测试策略和自动化工具，可以及早发现缺陷，提高代码质量，降低维护成本。

单元测试

1. 单元测试框架

// 单元测试框架
class UnitTestFramework {
constructor() {
 this.tests = new Map();
 this.testSuites = new Map();
 this.results = {
   total: 0,
   passed: 0,
   failed: 0,
   skipped: 0
 };
}

// 创建测试套件
describe(suiteName, testFunction) {
 const testSuite = {
   name: suiteName,
   tests: [],
   beforeEach: null,
   afterEach: null,
   beforeAll: null,
   afterAll: null
 };
 
 this.testSuites.set(suiteName, testSuite);
 
 // 执行测试套件函数
 testFunction();
 
 return testSuite;
}

// 定义测试用例
it(testName, testFunction) {
 const currentSuite = this.getCurrentSuite();
 
 if (currentSuite) {
   currentSuite.tests.push({
     name: testName,
     function: testFunction,
     suite: currentSuite.name
   });
 }
 
 this.tests.set(testName, {
   name: testName,
   function: testFunction,
   suite: currentSuite?.name || 'default'
 });
}

// 设置前置条件
beforeEach(setupFunction) {
 const currentSuite = this.getCurrentSuite();
 if (currentSuite) {
   currentSuite.beforeEach = setupFunction;
 }
}

// 设置后置条件
afterEach(cleanupFunction) {
 const currentSuite = this.getCurrentSuite();
 if (currentSuite) {
   currentSuite.afterEach = cleanupFunction;
 }
}

// 设置套件前置条件
beforeAll(setupFunction) {
 const currentSuite = this.getCurrentSuite();
 if (currentSuite) {
   currentSuite.beforeAll = setupFunction;
 }
}

// 设置套件后置条件
afterAll(cleanupFunction) {
 const currentSuite = this.getCurrentSuite();
 if (currentSuite) {
   currentSuite.afterAll = cleanupFunction;
 }
}

// 获取当前测试套件
getCurrentSuite() {
 // 通过调用栈获取当前套件
 const stack = new Error().stack;
 const suiteMatch = stack.match(/describe\(([^)]+)/);
 
 if (suiteMatch) {
   return this.testSuites.get(suiteMatch[1]);
 }
 
 return null;
}

// 运行所有测试
async runAllTests() {
 console.log('开始运行单元测试...\n');
 
 this.results = {
   total: this.tests.size,
   passed: 0,
   failed: 0,
   skipped: 0
 };
 
 for (const [testName, test] of this.tests) {
   await this.runTest(test);
 }
 
 this.printResults();
 return this.results;
}

// 运行单个测试
async runTest(test) {
 const suite = this.testSuites.get(test.suite);
 
 try {
   // 执行套件前置条件
   if (suite?.beforeAll) {
     await suite.beforeAll();
   }
   
   // 执行测试前置条件
   if (suite?.beforeEach) {
     await suite.beforeEach();
   }
   
   // 执行测试
   await test.function();
   
   // 执行测试后置条件
   if (suite?.afterEach) {
     await suite.afterEach();
   }
   
   // 执行套件后置条件
   if (suite?.afterAll) {
     await suite.afterAll();
   }
   
   console.log(`✅ ${test.name}`);
   this.results.passed++;
   
 } catch (error) {
   console.error(`❌ ${test.name}: ${error.message}`);
   this.results.failed++;
 }
}

// 打印测试结果
printResults() {
 console.log('\n测试结果汇总:');
 console.log(`总计: ${this.results.total}`);
 console.log(`通过: ${this.results.passed}`);
 console.log(`失败: ${this.results.failed}`);
 console.log(`跳过: ${this.results.skipped}`);
 
 const passRate = (this.results.passed / this.results.total * 100).toFixed(1);
 console.log(`通过率: ${passRate}%`);
}
}

// 断言库
class Assertions {
static equal(actual, expected, message = '') {
 if (actual !== expected) {
   throw new Error(`${message} 期望 ${expected}，实际 ${actual}`);
 }
}

static notEqual(actual, expected, message = '') {
 if (actual === expected) {
   throw new Error(`${message} 期望不等于 ${expected}`);
 }
}

static true(value, message = '') {
 if (value !== true) {
   throw new Error(`${message} 期望 true，实际 ${value}`);
 }
}

static false(value, message = '') {
 if (value !== false) {
   throw new Error(`${message} 期望 false，实际 ${value}`);
 }
}

static isNull(value, message = '') {
 if (value !== null) {
   throw new Error(`${message} 期望 null，实际 ${value}`);
 }
}

static isNotNull(value, message = '') {
 if (value === null) {
   throw new Error(`${message} 期望非null值`);
 }
}

static throws(fn, expectedError = null, message = '') {
 try {
   fn();
   throw new Error(`${message} 期望抛出异常，但未抛出`);
 } catch (error) {
   if (expectedError && !(error instanceof expectedError)) {
     throw new Error(`${message} 期望异常类型 ${expectedError.name}，实际 ${error.constructor.name}`);
   }
 }
}

static async rejects(promise, expectedError = null, message = '') {
 try {
   await promise;
   throw new Error(`${message} 期望Promise被拒绝，但被解决`);
 } catch (error) {
   if (expectedError && !(error instanceof expectedError)) {
     throw new Error(`${message} 期望异常类型 ${expectedError.name}，实际 ${error.constructor.name}`);
   }
 }
}
}

// 使用示例
const testFramework = new UnitTestFramework();
const { describe, it, beforeEach, afterEach } = testFramework;

// 测试用户服务
describe('用户服务测试', () => {
let userService;

beforeEach(() => {
 userService = new UserService();
});

afterEach(() => {
 userService = null;
});

it('应该创建新用户', async () => {
 const userData = { name: '张三', email: 'zhangsan@example.com' };
 const user = await userService.createUser(userData);
 
 Assertions.isNotNull(user);
 Assertions.equal(user.name, userData.name);
 Assertions.equal(user.email, userData.email);
});

it('应该验证邮箱格式', () => {
 const invalidEmails = ['invalid-email', 'test@', '@example.com'];
 
 invalidEmails.forEach(email => {
   Assertions.throws(() => {
     userService.validateEmail(email);
   }, Error, '无效邮箱应该抛出异常');
  });
});
});

// 运行测试
testFramework.runAllTests();

2. 测试数据管理

// 测试数据管理器
class TestDataManager {
constructor() {
 this.factories = new Map();
 this.fixtures = new Map();
 this.mocks = new Map();
}

// 注册工厂函数
registerFactory(name, factoryFunction) {
 this.factories.set(name, factoryFunction);
}

// 创建测试数据
create(name, overrides = {}) {
 const factory = this.factories.get(name);
 
 if (!factory) {
   throw new Error(`工厂 ${name} 未注册`);
 }
 
 const baseData = factory();
 return { ...baseData, ...overrides };
}

// 创建多个测试数据
createMany(name, count, overrides = {}) {
 return Array.from({ length: count }, () => this.create(name, overrides));
}

// 加载测试夹具
loadFixture(name, data) {
 this.fixtures.set(name, data);
}

// 获取测试夹具
getFixture(name) {
 const fixture = this.fixtures.get(name);
 
 if (!fixture) {
   throw new Error(`夹具 ${name} 未找到`);
 }
 
 return fixture;
}

// 创建模拟对象
createMock(target, methods = []) {
 const mock = {};
 
 methods.forEach(method => {
   mock[method] = jest.fn();
 });
 
 this.mocks.set(target, mock);
 return mock;
}

// 获取模拟对象
getMock(target) {
 return this.mocks.get(target);
}

// 清理测试数据
cleanup() {
 this.factories.clear();
 this.fixtures.clear();
 this.mocks.clear();
}
}

// 使用示例
const testData = new TestDataManager();

// 注册用户工厂
testData.registerFactory('user', () => ({
id: Math.random().toString(36).substr(2, 9),
name: '测试用户',
email: 'test@example.com',
age: 25,
createdAt: new Date()
}));

// 注册订单工厂
testData.registerFactory('order', () => ({
id: Math.random().toString(36).substr(2, 9),
userId: 'user123',
items: [],
total: 0,
status: 'pending',
createdAt: new Date()
}));

// 创建测试数据
const user = testData.create('user', { name: '张三', age: 30 });
const orders = testData.createMany('order', 3, { status: 'completed' });

console.log('测试用户:', user);
console.log('测试订单:', orders);

// 加载测试夹具
testData.loadFixture('adminUser', {
id: 'admin1',
name: '管理员',
email: 'admin@example.com',
role: 'admin',
permissions: ['read', 'write', 'delete']
});

const adminUser = testData.getFixture('adminUser');
console.log('管理员用户:', adminUser);

集成测试

1. 集成测试环境

// 集成测试环境管理器
class IntegrationTestEnvironment {
constructor() {
this.services = new Map();
this.databases = new Map();
this.config = {
 baseUrl: 'http://localhost:3000',
 timeout: 30000,
 retries: 3
};
}

// 启动测试环境
async startEnvironment() {
console.log('启动集成测试环境...');

try {
 // 启动数据库
 await this.startDatabases();
 
 // 启动服务
 await this.startServices();
 
 // 等待服务就绪
 await this.waitForServices();
 
 console.log('集成测试环境启动完成');
 return true;
 
} catch (error) {
 console.error('启动集成测试环境失败:', error);
 return false;
}
}

// 停止测试环境
async stopEnvironment() {
console.log('停止集成测试环境...');

try {
 // 停止服务
 for (const service of this.services.values()) {
   await service.stop();
 }
 
 // 停止数据库
 for (const db of this.databases.values()) {
   await db.stop();
 }
 
 console.log('集成测试环境已停止');
 return true;
 
} catch (error) {
 console.error('停止集成测试环境失败:', error);
 return false;
}
}

// 启动数据库
async startDatabases() {
// 启动测试数据库
const testDB = await this.startTestDatabase();
this.databases.set('test', testDB);

// 启动内存数据库
const memoryDB = await this.startMemoryDatabase();
this.databases.set('memory', memoryDB);
}

// 启动服务
async startServices() {
// 启动API服务
const apiService = await this.startAPIService();
this.services.set('api', apiService);

// 启动认证服务
const authService = await this.startAuthService();
this.services.set('auth', authService);
}

// 等待服务就绪
async waitForServices() {
const maxAttempts = 10;
let attempts = 0;

while (attempts < maxAttempts) {
 try {
   const response = await fetch(`${this.config.baseUrl}/health`);
   
   if (response.ok) {
     console.log('所有服务已就绪');
     return;
   }
 } catch (error) {
   // 忽略错误，继续等待
 }
 
 attempts++;
 await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 1000));
}

throw new Error('服务启动超时');
}

// 启动测试数据库
async startTestDatabase() {
console.log('启动测试数据库...');

// 这里应该启动真实的测试数据库
// 例如：Docker容器、本地数据库等

return {
 name: 'test-db',
 url: 'mongodb://localhost:27017/test',
 stop: async () => console.log('测试数据库已停止')
};
}

// 启动内存数据库
async startMemoryDatabase() {
console.log('启动内存数据库...');

// 这里应该启动内存数据库
// 例如：SQLite内存模式、H2内存模式等

return {
 name: 'memory-db',
 url: 'sqlite::memory:',
 stop: async () => console.log('内存数据库已停止')
};
}

// 启动API服务
async startAPIService() {
console.log('启动API服务...');

// 这里应该启动API服务
// 例如：Express应用、FastAPI应用等

return {
 name: 'api-service',
 port: 3000,
 stop: async () => console.log('API服务已停止')
};
}

// 启动认证服务
async startAuthService() {
console.log('启动认证服务...');

// 这里应该启动认证服务

return {
 name: 'auth-service',
 port: 3001,
 stop: async () => console.log('认证服务已停止')
};
}

// 获取服务配置
getServiceConfig(serviceName) {
const service = this.services.get(serviceName);

if (!service) {
 throw new Error(`服务 ${serviceName} 未找到`);
}

return service;
}

// 获取数据库配置
getDatabaseConfig(dbName) {
const db = this.databases.get(dbName);

if (!db) {
 throw new Error(`数据库 ${dbName} 未找到`);
}

return db;
}

// 重置测试数据
async resetTestData() {
console.log('重置测试数据...');

try {
 // 清理数据库
 for (const db of this.databases.values()) {
   await this.cleanDatabase(db);
 }
 
 // 重新加载种子数据
 await this.loadSeedData();
 
 console.log('测试数据重置完成');
 return true;
 
} catch (error) {
 console.error('重置测试数据失败:', error);
 return false;
}
}

// 清理数据库
async cleanDatabase(db) {
// 这里应该清理数据库数据
console.log(`清理数据库: ${db.name}`);
}

// 加载种子数据
async loadSeedData() {
// 这里应该加载测试种子数据
console.log('加载种子数据...');
}
}

// 使用示例
const testEnv = new IntegrationTestEnvironment();

// 启动测试环境
testEnv.startEnvironment().then(() => {
console.log('测试环境启动成功');

// 运行集成测试
return runIntegrationTests();
}).then(() => {
// 停止测试环境
return testEnv.stopEnvironment();
}).catch(error => {
console.error('集成测试失败:', error);
});

端到端测试

1. E2E测试框架

// E2E测试框架
class E2ETestFramework {
constructor() {
 this.browser = null;
 this.page = null;
 this.testCases = [];
 this.results = {
   total: 0,
   passed: 0,
   failed: 0,
   duration: 0
 };
}

// 启动浏览器
async launchBrowser() {
 try {
   // 这里应该启动真实的浏览器
   // 例如：Puppeteer、Playwright等
   
   console.log('浏览器启动中...');
   
   this.browser = {
     name: 'Chrome',
     version: '120.0.0',
     close: async () => console.log('浏览器已关闭')
   };
   
   this.page = {
     url: '',
     goto: async (url) => {
       this.page.url = url;
       console.log(`导航到: ${url}`);
     },
     click: async (selector) => {
       console.log(`点击元素: ${selector}`);
     },
     type: async (selector, text) => {
       console.log(`在 ${selector} 中输入: ${text}`);
     },
     waitForSelector: async (selector) => {
       console.log(`等待元素: ${selector}`);
     },
     screenshot: async (path) => {
       console.log(`截图保存到: ${path}`);
     }
   };
   
   console.log('浏览器启动成功');
   return true;
   
 } catch (error) {
   console.error('启动浏览器失败:', error);
   return false;
 }
}

// 关闭浏览器
async closeBrowser() {
 if (this.browser) {
   await this.browser.close();
   this.browser = null;
   this.page = null;
 }
}

// 添加测试用例
addTest(name, testFunction) {
 this.testCases.push({
   name,
   function: testFunction
 });
}

// 运行所有测试
async runAllTests() {
 if (!this.browser) {
   await this.launchBrowser();
 }
 
 console.log('开始运行E2E测试...\n');
 
 const startTime = Date.now();
 
 for (const testCase of this.testCases) {
   await this.runTest(testCase);
 }
 
 this.results.duration = Date.now() - startTime;
 this.printResults();
 
 await this.closeBrowser();
 return this.results;
}

// 运行单个测试
async runTest(testCase) {
 console.log(`运行测试: ${testCase.name}`);
 
 try {
   await testCase.function(this.page);
   
   console.log(`✅ ${testCase.name} - 通过`);
   this.results.passed++;
   
 } catch (error) {
   console.error(`❌ ${testCase.name} - 失败: ${error.message}`);
   this.results.failed++;
   
   // 截图保存
   if (this.page) {
     const screenshotPath = `./screenshots/${testCase.name}_failed.png`;
     await this.page.screenshot(screenshotPath);
   }
 }
 
 this.results.total++;
}

// 打印测试结果
printResults() {
 console.log('\nE2E测试结果汇总:');
 console.log(`总计: ${this.results.total}`);
 console.log(`通过: ${this.results.passed}`);
 console.log(`失败: ${this.results.failed}`);
 console.log(`耗时: ${this.results.duration}ms`);
 
 const passRate = (this.results.passed / this.results.total * 100).toFixed(1);
 console.log(`通过率: ${passRate}%`);
}
}

// 页面对象模型
class PageObject {
constructor(page) {
 this.page = page;
 this.selectors = {
   loginForm: '#login-form',
   usernameInput: '#username',
   passwordInput: '#password',
   loginButton: '#login-btn',
   userMenu: '#user-menu',
   logoutButton: '#logout-btn'
 };
}

// 导航到登录页面
async gotoLoginPage() {
 await this.page.goto('/login');
}

// 登录
async login(username, password) {
 await this.page.waitForSelector(this.selectors.loginForm);
 await this.page.type(this.selectors.usernameInput, username);
 await this.page.type(this.selectors.passwordInput, password);
 await this.page.click(this.selectors.loginButton);
}

// 检查是否登录成功
async isLoggedIn() {
 try {
   await this.page.waitForSelector(this.selectors.userMenu, { timeout: 5000 });
   return true;
 } catch {
   return false;
 }
}

// 登出
async logout() {
 await this.page.click(this.selectors.userMenu);
 await this.page.click(this.selectors.logoutButton);
}
}

// 使用示例
const e2eFramework = new E2ETestFramework();

// 添加登录测试
e2eFramework.addTest('用户登录测试', async (page) => {
const loginPage = new PageObject(page);

// 导航到登录页面
await loginPage.gotoLoginPage();

// 执行登录
await loginPage.login('testuser', 'password123');

// 验证登录成功
const isLoggedIn = await loginPage.isLoggedIn();
if (!isLoggedIn) {
 throw new Error('登录失败');
}
});

// 添加登出测试
e2eFramework.addTest('用户登出测试', async (page) => {
const loginPage = new PageObject(page);

// 先登录
await loginPage.gotoLoginPage();
await loginPage.login('testuser', 'password123');

// 执行登出
await loginPage.logout();

// 验证登出成功
const isLoggedIn = await loginPage.isLoggedIn();
if (isLoggedIn) {
 throw new Error('登出失败');
}
});

// 运行E2E测试
e2eFramework.runAllTests().then(results => {
console.log('E2E测试完成:', results);
}).catch(error => {
console.error('E2E测试失败:', error);
  });

测试自动化

1. 测试运行器

// 测试运行器
class TestRunner {
  constructor() {
    this.testSuites = [];
    this.parallel = false;
    this.maxWorkers = 4;
    this.reporters = [];
  }
  
  // 添加测试套件
  addTestSuite(suite) {
    this.testSuites.push(suite);
  }
  
  // 设置并行执行
  setParallel(parallel, maxWorkers = 4) {
    this.parallel = parallel;
    this.maxWorkers = maxWorkers;
  }
  
  // 添加报告器
  addReporter(reporter) {
    this.reporters.push(reporter);
  }
  
  // 运行所有测试
  async runTests() {
    console.log('开始运行测试...');
    
    const startTime = Date.now();
    const results = {
      total: 0,
      passed: 0,
      failed: 0,
      skipped: 0,
      suites: [],
      duration: 0
    };
    
    if (this.parallel) {
      await this.runTestsInParallel(results);
    } else {
      await this.runTestsSequentially(results);
    }
    
    results.duration = Date.now() - startTime;
    
    // 生成报告
    this.generateReports(results);
    
    return results;
  }
  
  // 顺序执行测试
  async runTestsSequentially(results) {
    for (const suite of this.testSuites) {
      const suiteResult = await this.runTestSuite(suite);
      results.suites.push(suiteResult);
      
      results.total += suiteResult.total;
      results.passed += suiteResult.passed;
      results.failed += suiteResult.failed;
      results.skipped += suiteResult.skipped;
    }
  }
  
  // 并行执行测试
  async runTestsInParallel(results) {
    const chunks = this.chunkArray(this.testSuites, this.maxWorkers);
    
    const promises = chunks.map(chunk => 
      Promise.all(chunk.map(suite => this.runTestSuite(suite)))
    );
    
    const suiteResults = await Promise.all(promises);
    
    suiteResults.flat().forEach(suiteResult => {
      results.suites.push(suiteResult);
      
      results.total += suiteResult.total;
      results.passed += suiteResult.passed;
      results.failed += suiteResult.failed;
      results.skipped += suiteResult.skipped;
    });
  }
  
  // 运行测试套件
  async runTestSuite(suite) {
    const result = {
      name: suite.name,
      total: 0,
      passed: 0,
      failed: 0,
      skipped: 0,
      tests: []
    };
    
    try {
      // 执行套件前置条件
      if (suite.beforeAll) {
        await suite.beforeAll();
      }
      
      // 执行测试用例
      for (const test of suite.tests) {
        const testResult = await this.runTestCase(test, suite);
        result.tests.push(testResult);
        
        result.total++;
        switch (testResult.status) {
          case 'passed':
            result.passed++;
            break;
          case 'failed':
            result.failed++;
            break;
          case 'skipped':
            result.skipped++;
            break;
        }
      }
      
      // 执行套件后置条件
      if (suite.afterAll) {
        await suite.afterAll();
      }
      
    } catch (error) {
      console.error(`测试套件 ${suite.name} 执行失败:`, error);
      result.error = error.message;
    }
    
    return result;
  }
  
  // 运行测试用例
  async runTestCase(test, suite) {
    const result = {
      name: test.name,
      status: 'pending',
      duration: 0,
      error: null
    };
    
    const startTime = Date.now();
    
    try {
      // 执行测试前置条件
      if (suite.beforeEach) {
        await suite.beforeEach();
      }
      
      // 执行测试
      await test.function();
      
      // 执行测试后置条件
      if (suite.afterEach) {
        await suite.afterEach();
      }
      
      result.status = 'passed';
      
    } catch (error) {
      result.status = 'failed';
      result.error = error.message;
    }
    
    result.duration = Date.now() - startTime;
    return result;
  }
  
  // 数组分块
  chunkArray(array, size) {
    const chunks = [];
    for (let i = 0; i < array.length; i += size) {
      chunks.push(array.slice(i, i + size));
    }
    return chunks;
  }
  
  // 生成报告
  generateReports(results) {
    this.reporters.forEach(reporter => {
      try {
        reporter.generate(results);
      } catch (error) {
        console.error('报告器执行失败:', error);
      }
    });
  }
}

// 控制台报告器
class ConsoleReporter {
  generate(results) {
    console.log('\n测试执行报告');
    console.log('='.repeat(50));
    
    console.log(`总计: ${results.total}`);
    console.log(`通过: ${results.passed}`);
    console.log(`失败: ${results.failed}`);
    console.log(`跳过: ${results.skipped}`);
    console.log(`耗时: ${results.duration}ms`);
    
    const passRate = (results.passed / results.total * 100).toFixed(1);
    console.log(`通过率: ${passRate}%`);
    
    // 显示失败的测试
    if (results.failed > 0) {
      console.log('\n失败的测试:');
      results.suites.forEach(suite => {
        suite.tests.forEach(test => {
          if (test.status === 'failed') {
            console.log(`  ${suite.name} - ${test.name}: ${test.error}`);
          }
     });
   });
    }
  }
}

// 使用示例
const testRunner = new TestRunner();

// 添加报告器
testRunner.addReporter(new ConsoleReporter());

// 设置并行执行
testRunner.setParallel(true, 2);

// 运行测试
testRunner.runTests().then(results => {
  console.log('测试运行完成');
}).catch(error => {
  console.error('测试运行失败:', error);
});

测试最佳实践

1. 测试策略指导

// 测试策略指导器
class TestingStrategyGuide {
constructor() {
 this.strategies = {
   unit: {
     description: '单元测试',
     scope: '单个函数、类、模块',
     tools: ['Jest', 'Mocha', 'JUnit'],
     coverage: '80%+',
     priority: 'high'
   },
   integration: {
     description: '集成测试',
     scope: '模块间交互、API接口',
     tools: ['Supertest', 'TestContainers'],
     coverage: '70%+',
     priority: 'medium'
   },
   e2e: {
     description: '端到端测试',
     scope: '完整用户流程',
     tools: ['Cypress', 'Playwright', 'Selenium'],
     coverage: '50%+',
     priority: 'low'
   }
 };
 
 this.bestPractices = [
   '测试应该独立且可重复',
   '测试应该快速执行',
   '测试应该易于维护',
   '测试应该覆盖边界情况',
   '测试应该模拟真实场景',
   '测试应该提供清晰的错误信息'
 ];
}

// 生成测试策略
generateTestingStrategy(project) {
 const strategy = {
   project: project.name,
   recommendations: [],
   testPyramid: {
     unit: { percentage: 70, description: '单元测试应该占70%' },
     integration: { percentage: 20, description: '集成测试应该占20%' },
     e2e: { percentage: 10, description: '端到端测试应该占10%' }
   }
 };
 
 // 根据项目类型推荐测试策略
 switch (project.type) {
   case 'web-app':
     strategy.recommendations.push(
       '前端组件使用Jest进行单元测试',
       'API接口使用Supertest进行集成测试',
       '用户流程使用Cypress进行E2E测试'
     );
     break;
     
   case 'api-service':
     strategy.recommendations.push(
       '业务逻辑使用JUnit进行单元测试',
       'API接口使用TestContainers进行集成测试',
       '性能使用JMeter进行负载测试'
     );
     break;
     
   case 'mobile-app':
     strategy.recommendations.push(
       '业务逻辑使用JUnit/Kotlin进行单元测试',
       'UI组件使用Espresso进行集成测试',
       '用户流程使用Appium进行E2E测试'
     );
     break;
 }
 
 return strategy;
}

// 计算测试覆盖率目标
calculateCoverageTargets(project) {
 const baseCoverage = {
   unit: 80,
   integration: 70,
   e2e: 50
 };
 
 // 根据项目复杂度调整覆盖率
 if (project.complexity === 'high') {
   baseCoverage.unit += 10;
   baseCoverage.integration += 10;
 }
 
 // 根据项目重要性调整覆盖率
 if (project.importance === 'critical') {
   baseCoverage.unit += 10;
   baseCoverage.integration += 10;
   baseCoverage.e2e += 10;
 }
 
 return baseCoverage;
}

// 生成测试计划
generateTestPlan(project, strategy) {
 const plan = {
   project: project.name,
   phases: [],
   timeline: '',
   resources: [],
   risks: []
 };
 
 // 第一阶段：单元测试
 plan.phases.push({
   name: '单元测试阶段',
   duration: '2-3周',
   tasks: [
     '设置测试框架',
     '编写核心业务逻辑测试',
     '实现测试覆盖率监控',
     '集成到CI/CD流水线'
   ]
 });
 
 // 第二阶段：集成测试
 plan.phases.push({
   name: '集成测试阶段',
   duration: '1-2周',
   tasks: [
     '设置测试环境',
     '编写API接口测试',
     '数据库集成测试',
     '第三方服务模拟'
   ]
 });
 
 // 第三阶段：E2E测试
 plan.phases.push({
   name: '端到端测试阶段',
   duration: '1周',
   tasks: [
     '设置E2E测试环境',
     '编写关键用户流程测试',
     '性能测试',
     '用户验收测试'
   ]
 });
 
 // 风险评估
 plan.risks = [
   '测试环境不稳定',
   '测试数据管理复杂',
   '测试执行时间过长',
   '测试维护成本高'
 ];
 
 return plan;
}

// 生成测试检查清单
generateTestChecklist() {
 return {
   beforeTesting: [
     '测试环境是否准备就绪？',
     '测试数据是否准备充分？',
     '测试工具是否配置正确？',
     '测试人员是否培训到位？'
   ],
   duringTesting: [
     '测试用例是否按计划执行？',
     '测试结果是否及时记录？',
     '缺陷是否及时报告？',
     '测试进度是否按计划进行？'
   ],
   afterTesting: [
     '测试报告是否生成？',
     '测试结果是否分析？',
     '测试经验是否总结？',
     '测试流程是否优化？'
   ]
 };
}
}

// 使用示例
const strategyGuide = new TestingStrategyGuide();

// 生成测试策略
const project = {
name: '电商平台',
type: 'web-app',
complexity: 'high',
importance: 'critical'
};

const strategy = strategyGuide.generateTestingStrategy(project);
console.log('测试策略:', strategy);

// 计算覆盖率目标
const coverageTargets = strategyGuide.calculateCoverageTargets(project);
console.log('覆盖率目标:', coverageTargets);

// 生成测试计划
const testPlan = strategyGuide.generateTestPlan(project, strategy);
console.log('测试计划:', testPlan);

// 生成检查清单
const checklist = strategyGuide.generateTestChecklist();
console.log('测试检查清单:', checklist);

通过以上完整的项目测试方案，可以构建出高效、可靠的测试体系。每个模块都包含了详细的实现步骤和核心代码逻辑，为开发团队提供了完整的参考指南。