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MCP Server调试工具

概述​

什么是MCP Server调试工具​

MCP Server调试工具是一套专门用于开发、测试和调试MCP服务器的工具集合。这些工具帮助开发者快速定位问题、优化性能、验证功能，确保MCP服务器能够稳定可靠地运行。

调试工具的重要性​

  • 快速定位问题：帮助开发者快速找到代码中的错误和问题
  • 性能优化：识别性能瓶颈，提供优化建议
  • 功能验证：确保MCP服务器按预期工作
  • 开发效率：提高开发效率，减少调试时间

适用场景​

  • MCP服务器开发阶段
  • 功能测试和验证
  • 性能调优和优化
  • 问题排查和修复
  • 生产环境监控

调试工具介绍​

1. MCP Inspector​

MCP Inspector是一个图形化的MCP协议分析工具，用于监控和分析MCP通信。

主要功能：

  • 实时监控MCP通信流量
  • 分析请求和响应内容
  • 显示协议状态和错误
  • 生成通信日志报告

安装和使用：

# 安装MCP Inspector
npm install -g mcp-inspector

# 启动Inspector
mcp-inspector --port 8080

# 在浏览器中访问
# http://localhost:8080

使用示例：

// 配置MCP Inspector
const inspector = new MCPInspector({
  port: 8080,
  logLevel: 'debug',
  enableWebSocket: true,
  filters: {
    methods: ['read_file', 'write_file'],
    errorOnly: false
  }
});

// 启动监控
inspector.start();

// 添加自定义过滤器
inspector.addFilter((message) => {
  return message.method === 'sensitive_operation';
});

2. MCP Logger​

MCP Logger是一个专门用于MCP协议日志记录和分析的工具。

主要功能：

  • 结构化日志记录
  • 日志级别控制
  • 日志格式自定义
  • 日志搜索和过滤

配置示例：

// MCP Logger配置
const logger = new MCPLogger({
  level: 'debug',
  format: 'json',
  output: {
    console: true,
    file: './logs/mcp.log',
    remote: 'http://log-server.com/api/logs'
  },
  filters: {
    includeMethods: ['*'],
    excludeMethods: ['heartbeat'],
    includeErrors: true
  }
});

// 记录不同类型的日志
logger.info('MCP Server started', { port: 3000, version: '1.0.0' });
logger.debug('Processing request', { method: 'read_file', params: { path: '/test.txt' } });
logger.error('Failed to read file', { error: 'File not found', path: '/test.txt' });

3. MCP Profiler​

MCP Profiler是一个性能分析工具，用于分析MCP服务器的性能特征。

主要功能：

  • 方法调用性能分析
  • 内存使用监控
  • 响应时间统计
  • 性能瓶颈识别

使用示例：

// 创建性能分析器
const profiler = new MCPProfiler({
  enableMemoryProfiling: true,
  enableTimingProfiling: true,
  sampleRate: 0.1, // 采样率10%
  maxSamples: 10000
});

// 开始性能分析
profiler.start();

// 包装方法以进行性能监控
const wrappedMethod = profiler.wrapMethod('read_file', async (params) => {
  // 原始方法实现
  return await readFile(params.path);
});

// 获取性能报告
const report = profiler.generateReport();
console.log('Performance Report:', report);

4. MCP Validator​

MCP Validator是一个协议验证工具，用于验证MCP服务器是否符合协议规范。

主要功能：

  • 协议规范验证
  • 消息格式检查
  • 错误处理验证
  • 兼容性测试

验证示例：

// 创建协议验证器
const validator = new MCPValidator({
  strictMode: true,
  validateSchema: true,
  checkDeprecated: true
});

// 验证请求
const validationResult = validator.validateRequest({
  jsonrpc: '2.0',
  id: 1,
  method: 'read_file',
  params: { path: '/test.txt' }
});

if (!validationResult.isValid) {
  console.error('Validation errors:', validationResult.errors);
}

// 验证响应
const responseValidation = validator.validateResponse({
  jsonrpc: '2.0',
  id: 1,
  result: { content: 'Hello World' }
});

开发环境配置​

1. 基础环境设置​

# 安装Node.js和npm
curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.0/install.sh | bash
nvm install 16
nvm use 16

# 安装Python
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install python3 python3-pip

# 安装Go（可选）
wget https://go.dev/dl/go1.21.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
sudo tar -C /usr/local -xzf go1.21.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/go/bin

2. MCP开发工具安装​

# 安装MCP SDK
npm install @modelcontextprotocol/sdk

# 安装调试工具
npm install -g mcp-inspector mcp-logger mcp-profiler mcp-validator

# 安装Python MCP工具
pip install mcp mcp-tools

# 安装Go MCP工具
go install github.com/modelcontextprotocol/go-sdk/cmd/mcp-tools@latest

3. 开发环境配置​

// .vscode/settings.json
{
  "mcp.enabled": true,
  "mcp.debug": true,
  "mcp.logging": "debug",
  "mcp.servers": [
    {
      "name": "file_tool",
      "command": "python",
      "args": ["file_tool.py"],
      "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}/servers/file_tool",
      "env": {
        "MCP_LOG_LEVEL": "debug",
        "MCP_ENABLE_PROFILING": "true"
      }
    }
  ],
  "mcp.inspector": {
    "enabled": true,
    "port": 8080,
    "autoStart": true
  }
}

4. 调试配置文件​

# mcp-debug.yaml
debug:
  enabled: true
  level: debug
  output: console

profiling:
  enabled: true
  memory: true
  timing: true
  sampleRate: 0.1

logging:
  level: debug
  format: json
  output:
    - console
    - file: ./logs/debug.log
    - remote: http://localhost:8080/api/logs

validation:
  strict: true
  schema: true
  deprecated: true

inspector:
  port: 8080
  websocket: true
  filters:
    methods: ["*"]
    errors: true

问题排查方法​

1. 连接问题排查​

// 连接诊断工具
class ConnectionDiagnostic {
  constructor() {
    this.checks = [
      this.checkNetworkConnectivity,
      this.checkPortAvailability,
      this.checkFirewallSettings,
      this.checkProcessStatus
    ];
  }

  async diagnose(host, port) {
    console.log(`开始诊断连接: ${host}:${port}`);
    
    for (const check of this.checks) {
      try {
        const result = await check(host, port);
        console.log(`✓ ${result.name}: ${result.status}`);
        
        if (!result.success) {
          console.error(`✗ 问题: ${result.message}`);
          console.log(`  建议: ${result.suggestion}`);
        }
      } catch (error) {
        console.error(`✗ 检查失败: ${error.message}`);
      }
    }
  }

  async checkNetworkConnectivity(host, port) {
    const net = require('net');
    
    return new Promise((resolve) => {
      const socket = new net.Socket();
      const timeout = setTimeout(() => {
        socket.destroy();
        resolve({
          name: '网络连接性',
          success: false,
          status: '超时',
          message: '连接超时',
          suggestion: '检查网络配置和防火墙设置'
        });
      }, 5000);

      socket.connect(port, host, () => {
        clearTimeout(timeout);
        socket.destroy();
        resolve({
          name: '网络连接性',
          success: true,
          status: '成功',
          message: '网络连接正常'
        });
      });

      socket.on('error', (error) => {
        clearTimeout(timeout);
        resolve({
          name: '网络连接性',
          success: false,
          status: '失败',
          message: error.message,
          suggestion: '检查目标主机是否可达'
        });
      });
    });
  }

  async checkPortAvailability(host, port) {
    const net = require('net');
    
    return new Promise((resolve) => {
      const server = net.createServer();
      
      server.listen(port, host, () => {
        server.close();
        resolve({
          name: '端口可用性',
          success: true,
          status: '可用',
          message: '端口未被占用'
        });
      });

      server.on('error', (error) => {
        if (error.code === 'EADDRINUSE') {
          resolve({
            name: '端口可用性',
            success: false,
            status: '被占用',
            message: '端口已被其他进程占用',
            suggestion: '使用其他端口或停止占用进程'
          });
        } else {
          resolve({
            name: '端口可用性',
            success: false,
            status: '错误',
            message: error.message,
            suggestion: '检查端口配置和权限'
          });
        }
      });
    });
  }
}

// 使用连接诊断工具
const diagnostic = new ConnectionDiagnostic();
await diagnostic.diagnose('localhost', 3000);

2. 协议问题排查​

// 协议诊断工具
class ProtocolDiagnostic {
  constructor() {
    this.validators = [
      this.validateMessageFormat,
      this.validateMethodSignature,
      this.validateParameterTypes,
      this.validateResponseFormat
    ];
  }

  async diagnose(server) {
    console.log('开始协议诊断...');
    
    const results = [];
    
    // 测试基本连接
    try {
      await server.ping();
      results.push({ test: '基本连接', status: '成功' });
    } catch (error) {
      results.push({ test: '基本连接', status: '失败', error: error.message });
    }

    // 测试方法调用
    const testMethods = ['read_file', 'write_file', 'list_directory'];
    for (const method of testMethods) {
      try {
        const result = await server.call(method, {});
        results.push({ test: `方法调用: ${method}`, status: '成功', result });
      } catch (error) {
        results.push({ test: `方法调用: ${method}`, status: '失败', error: error.message });
      }
    }

    // 测试错误处理
    try {
      await server.call('non_existent_method', {});
      results.push({ test: '错误处理', status: '警告', message: '应该返回错误但成功了' });
    } catch (error) {
      if (error.code === -32601) {
        results.push({ test: '错误处理', status: '成功', message: '正确返回方法不存在错误' });
      } else {
        results.push({ test: '错误处理', status: '失败', error: error.message });
      }
    }

    return results;
  }

  validateMessageFormat(message) {
    const required = ['jsonrpc', 'id', 'method'];
    const missing = required.filter(field => !(field in message));
    
    if (missing.length > 0) {
      return {
        valid: false,
        errors: [`缺少必需字段: ${missing.join(', ')}`]
      };
    }

    if (message.jsonrpc !== '2.0') {
      return {
        valid: false,
        errors: ['jsonrpc版本必须是2.0']
      };
    }

    return { valid: true };
  }
}

3. 性能问题排查​

// 性能诊断工具
class PerformanceDiagnostic {
  constructor() {
    this.metrics = new Map();
    this.thresholds = {
      responseTime: 1000, // 1秒
      memoryUsage: 100 * 1024 * 1024, // 100MB
      cpuUsage: 80 // 80%
    };
  }

  async diagnose(server) {
    console.log('开始性能诊断...');
    
    const results = [];
    
    // 测试响应时间
    const responseTimeResults = await this.testResponseTime(server);
    results.push(...responseTimeResults);

    // 测试内存使用
    const memoryResults = await this.testMemoryUsage(server);
    results.push(...memoryResults);

    // 测试并发性能
    const concurrencyResults = await this.testConcurrency(server);
    results.push(...concurrencyResults);

    return results;
  }

  async testResponseTime(server) {
    const results = [];
    const methods = ['ping', 'read_file', 'write_file'];
    
    for (const method of methods) {
      const times = [];
      
      for (let i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
        const start = Date.now();
        try {
          await server.call(method, {});
          const duration = Date.now() - start;
          times.push(duration);
        } catch (error) {
          times.push(-1); // 标记为失败
        }
      }

      const validTimes = times.filter(t => t > 0);
      if (validTimes.length > 0) {
        const avgTime = validTimes.reduce((a, b) => a + b, 0) / validTimes.length;
        const maxTime = Math.max(...validTimes);
        const minTime = Math.min(...validTimes);

        results.push({
          test: `响应时间: ${method}`,
          status: avgTime < this.thresholds.responseTime ? '正常' : '警告',
          metrics: {
            average: `${avgTime.toFixed(2)}ms`,
            min: `${minTime}ms`,
            max: `${maxTime}ms`
          },
          threshold: `${this.thresholds.responseTime}ms`
        });
      } else {
        results.push({
          test: `响应时间: ${method}`,
          status: '失败',
          message: '所有请求都失败了'
        });
      }
    }

    return results;
  }

  async testMemoryUsage(server) {
    const results = [];
    
    // 获取初始内存使用
    const initialMemory = process.memoryUsage();
    
    // 执行一些操作
    for (let i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
      try {
        await server.call('read_file', { path: `/tmp/test_${i}.txt` });
      } catch (error) {
        // 忽略文件不存在的错误
      }
    }

    // 获取最终内存使用
    const finalMemory = process.memoryUsage();
    
    const memoryIncrease = finalMemory.heapUsed - initialMemory.heapUsed;
    
    results.push({
      test: '内存使用',
      status: memoryIncrease < this.thresholds.memoryUsage ? '正常' : '警告',
      metrics: {
        initial: `${(initialMemory.heapUsed / 1024 / 1024).toFixed(2)}MB`,
        final: `${(finalMemory.heapUsed / 1024 / 1024).toFixed(2)}MB`,
        increase: `${(memoryIncrease / 1024 / 1024).toFixed(2)}MB`
      },
      threshold: `${(this.thresholds.memoryUsage / 1024 / 1024).toFixed(2)}MB`
    });

    return results;
  }
}

性能优化技巧​

1. 连接池优化​

// 优化的连接池
class OptimizedConnectionPool {
  constructor(factory, options = {}) {
    this.factory = factory;
    this.maxConnections = options.maxConnections || 10;
    this.minConnections = options.minConnections || 2;
    this.connectionTimeout = options.connectionTimeout || 30000;
    this.idleTimeout = options.idleTimeout || 60000;
    
    this.connections = new Map();
    this.availableConnections = [];
    this.waitingRequests = [];
    this.connectionTimer = null;
    
    this.startConnectionManager();
  }

  startConnectionManager() {
    this.connectionTimer = setInterval(() => {
      this.manageConnections();
    }, 10000); // 每10秒检查一次
  }

  async manageConnections() {
    // 清理空闲连接
    const now = Date.now();
    for (const [id, connection] of this.connections) {
      if (connection.lastUsed && (now - connection.lastUsed) > this.idleTimeout) {
        if (this.availableConnections.includes(connection)) {
          await this.closeConnection(connection);
        }
      }
    }

    // 确保最小连接数
    while (this.connections.size < this.minConnections) {
      await this.createConnection();
    }
  }

  async getConnection() {
    // 检查可用连接
    if (this.availableConnections.length > 0) {
      const connection = this.availableConnections.pop();
      connection.lastUsed = Date.now();
      return connection;
    }

    // 创建新连接
    if (this.connections.size < this.maxConnections) {
      const connection = await this.createConnection();
      connection.lastUsed = Date.now();
      return connection;
    }

    // 等待可用连接
    return new Promise((resolve) => {
      this.waitingRequests.push(resolve);
    });
  }

  async createConnection() {
    try {
      const connection = await this.factory();
      const id = Date.now().toString();
      
      connection.id = id;
      connection.created = Date.now();
      connection.lastUsed = Date.now();
      
      this.connections.set(id, connection);
      this.availableConnections.push(connection);
      
      return connection;
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('创建连接失败:', error);
      throw error;
    }
  }

  async closeConnection(connection) {
    try {
      if (connection.close) {
        await connection.close();
      }
      
      this.connections.delete(connection.id);
      const index = this.availableConnections.indexOf(connection);
      if (index > -1) {
        this.availableConnections.splice(index, 1);
      }
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('关闭连接失败:', error);
    }
  }

  releaseConnection(connection) {
    connection.lastUsed = Date.now();
    
    // 检查是否有等待的请求
    if (this.waitingRequests.length > 0) {
      const resolve = this.waitingRequests.shift();
      resolve(connection);
    } else {
      this.availableConnections.push(connection);
    }
  }
}

2. 缓存优化​

// 智能缓存系统
class SmartCache {
  constructor(options = {}) {
    this.maxSize = options.maxSize || 1000;
    this.ttl = options.ttl || 60000; // 1分钟
    this.cache = new Map();
    this.accessOrder = [];
    this.stats = {
      hits: 0,
      misses: 0,
      evictions: 0
    };
  }

  get(key) {
    const entry = this.cache.get(key);
    
    if (!entry) {
      this.stats.misses++;
      return null;
    }

    // 检查是否过期
    if (Date.now() > entry.expiry) {
      this.cache.delete(key);
      this.removeFromAccessOrder(key);
      this.stats.misses++;
      return null;
    }

    // 更新访问顺序
    this.updateAccessOrder(key);
    this.stats.hits++;
    
    return entry.value;
  }

  set(key, value, customTtl = null) {
    const ttl = customTtl || this.ttl;
    const expiry = Date.now() + ttl;
    
    // 如果键已存在，先移除
    if (this.cache.has(key)) {
      this.removeFromAccessOrder(key);
    }

    // 检查缓存大小
    if (this.cache.size >= this.maxSize) {
      this.evictOldest();
    }

    // 添加新条目
    this.cache.set(key, { value, expiry });
    this.accessOrder.push(key);
  }

  updateAccessOrder(key) {
    const index = this.accessOrder.indexOf(key);
    if (index > -1) {
      this.accessOrder.splice(index, 1);
    }
    this.accessOrder.push(key);
  }

  removeFromAccessOrder(key) {
    const index = this.accessOrder.indexOf(key);
    if (index > -1) {
      this.accessOrder.splice(index, 1);
    }
  }

  evictOldest() {
    if (this.accessOrder.length > 0) {
      const oldestKey = this.accessOrder.shift();
      this.cache.delete(oldestKey);
      this.stats.evictions++;
    }
  }

  getStats() {
    const hitRate = this.stats.hits / (this.stats.hits + this.stats.misses);
    return {
      ...this.stats,
      hitRate: hitRate.toFixed(4),
      size: this.cache.size,
      maxSize: this.maxSize
    };
  }

  clear() {
    this.cache.clear();
    this.accessOrder.length = 0;
    this.stats.hits = 0;
    this.stats.misses = 0;
    this.stats.evictions = 0;
  }
}

3. 异步处理优化​

// 异步任务队列
class AsyncTaskQueue {
  constructor(options = {}) {
    this.maxConcurrency = options.maxConcurrency || 5;
    this.retryAttempts = options.retryAttempts || 3;
    this.retryDelay = options.retryDelay || 1000;
    
    this.queue = [];
    this.running = 0;
    this.completed = 0;
    this.failed = 0;
  }

  async add(task, priority = 0) {
    const taskWrapper = {
      id: Date.now().toString(),
      task,
      priority,
      attempts: 0,
      status: 'pending'
    };

    this.queue.push(taskWrapper);
    this.queue.sort((a, b) => b.priority - a.priority);

    // 尝试执行任务
    this.processQueue();
  }

  async processQueue() {
    if (this.running >= this.maxConcurrency || this.queue.length === 0) {
      return;
    }

    const taskWrapper = this.queue.shift();
    this.running++;

    try {
      taskWrapper.status = 'running';
      const result = await this.executeTask(taskWrapper);
      
      taskWrapper.status = 'completed';
      taskWrapper.result = result;
      this.completed++;
      
    } catch (error) {
      taskWrapper.status = 'failed';
      taskWrapper.error = error;
      this.failed++;
      
      // 重试逻辑
      if (taskWrapper.attempts < this.retryAttempts) {
        taskWrapper.attempts++;
        taskWrapper.status = 'pending';
        this.queue.push(taskWrapper);
      }
    } finally {
      this.running--;
      // 继续处理队列
      this.processQueue();
    }
  }

  async executeTask(taskWrapper) {
    taskWrapper.attempts++;
    
    try {
      return await taskWrapper.task();
    } catch (error) {
      if (taskWrapper.attempts < this.retryAttempts) {
        // 延迟重试
        await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, this.retryDelay * taskWrapper.attempts));
      }
      throw error;
    }
  }

  getStats() {
    return {
      queueLength: this.queue.length,
      running: this.running,
      completed: this.completed,
      failed: this.failed,
      total: this.completed + this.failed
    };
  }

  clear() {
    this.queue.length = 0;
    this.running = 0;
    this.completed = 0;
    this.failed = 0;
  }
}

调试最佳实践​

1. 日志记录策略​

// 结构化日志记录
class StructuredLogger {
  constructor(options = {}) {
    this.level = options.level || 'info';
    this.format = options.format || 'json';
    this.output = options.output || 'console';
    
    this.levels = {
      error: 0,
      warn: 1,
      info: 2,
      debug: 3
    };
  }

  log(level, message, context = {}) {
    if (this.levels[level] > this.levels[this.level]) {
      return;
    }

    const logEntry = {
      timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
      level: level.toUpperCase(),
      message,
      context,
      pid: process.pid,
      memory: process.memoryUsage()
    };

    if (this.format === 'json') {
      this.outputLog(JSON.stringify(logEntry));
    } else {
      this.outputLog(this.formatLog(logEntry));
    }
  }

  formatLog(entry) {
    return `[${entry.timestamp}] ${entry.level}: ${entry.message} ${JSON.stringify(entry.context)}`;
  }

  outputLog(logEntry) {
    if (this.output === 'console') {
      console.log(logEntry);
    } else if (this.output === 'file') {
      // 写入文件
      require('fs').appendFileSync('./logs/app.log', logEntry + '\n');
    }
  }

  error(message, context) { this.log('error', message, context); }
  warn(message, context) { this.log('warn', message, context); }
  info(message, context) { this.log('info', message, context); }
  debug(message, context) { this.log('debug', message, context); }
}

2. 错误处理策略​

// 错误处理管理器
class ErrorHandler {
  constructor(options = {}) {
    this.retryStrategies = new Map();
    this.errorCounts = new Map();
    this.maxErrors = options.maxErrors || 100;
    this.errorWindow = options.errorWindow || 60000; // 1分钟
  }

  handleError(error, context) {
    const errorKey = this.getErrorKey(error, context);
    const now = Date.now();
    
    // 更新错误计数
    if (!this.errorCounts.has(errorKey)) {
      this.errorCounts.set(errorKey, []);
    }
    
    const errors = this.errorCounts.get(errorKey);
    errors.push(now);
    
    // 清理过期的错误记录
    const recentErrors = errors.filter(time => (now - time) < this.errorWindow);
    this.errorCounts.set(errorKey, recentErrors);
    
    // 检查是否超过错误阈值
    if (recentErrors.length > this.maxErrors) {
      this.handleErrorThresholdExceeded(error, context);
    }
    
    // 记录错误
    this.logError(error, context);
    
    // 尝试恢复
    return this.attemptRecovery(error, context);
  }

  getErrorKey(error, context) {
    return `${error.name}:${error.message}:${context.method || 'unknown'}`;
  }

  handleErrorThresholdExceeded(error, context) {
    console.error('错误阈值已超过:', {
      error: error.message,
      context,
      count: this.errorCounts.get(this.getErrorKey(error, context)).length
    });
    
    // 可以触发告警、重启服务等操作
    this.triggerAlert(error, context);
  }

  logError(error, context) {
    console.error('MCP错误:', {
      name: error.name,
      message: error.message,
      stack: error.stack,
      context,
      timestamp: new Date().toISOString()
    });
  }

  async attemptRecovery(error, context) {
    const strategy = this.retryStrategies.get(error.name);
    
    if (strategy) {
      try {
        return await strategy(error, context);
      } catch (recoveryError) {
        console.error('错误恢复失败:', recoveryError);
      }
    }
    
    return null;
  }

  registerRetryStrategy(errorName, strategy) {
    this.retryStrategies.set(errorName, strategy);
  }
}

总结​

MCP Server调试工具为开发者提供了一套完整的调试和优化解决方案。通过本文的学习，你应该能够：

  1. 使用调试工具：掌握各种MCP调试工具的使用方法
  2. 配置开发环境：正确配置MCP开发环境
  3. 排查问题：使用各种诊断工具快速定位问题
  4. 优化性能：应用性能优化技巧提升服务器性能
  5. 遵循最佳实践：按照最佳实践进行开发和调试

掌握这些调试工具和技巧，将大大提高你的MCP开发效率，帮助你构建更稳定、更高效的MCP服务器。